States consider physician-assisted suicide laws, drawing ethical debates

As legislative efforts to introduce physician-assisted suicide gain momentum in multiple states, Catholic ethicists strongly oppose the practice, saying it conflicts with both Catholic teachings and American values. This issue has sparked intense debate among supporters and detractors.

Proponents argue that physician-assisted suicide upholds the autonomy of individuals facing terminal illness by allowing them control over their decision to end their lives. Conversely, critics believe that it undermines the inherent dignity of human life and may expose vulnerable individuals to undue influence.

Joseph Meaney from the National Catholic Bioethics Center emphasized that Catholic teaching prohibits this practice. He stated, “It really goes back to the theological position of Christianity, which is that our lives are not our own, so that life is a gift from God, and that if we reject that gift, it’s a grave sin.”

According to Death With Dignity, up to 18 states are considering legalizing physician-assisted suicide in 2025. However, only a handful of states, including Illinois and Delaware, have advanced such legislation this year.

In Delaware, efforts to legalize physician-assisted suicide progressed as the House narrowly passed H.B. 140. Although former Governor John Carney vetoed similar legislation in 2024, new Governor Matt Meyer, who supports the measure, may sign it.

The Illinois Catholic Conference has voiced its opposition, advocating instead for improved healthcare, palliative care, and supportive services. They stated, “What we truly need is increased access to quality health care, enhanced palliative care options, and loving and compassionate support services for those at the end of their lives.”

Currently, at least ten U.S. states and the District of Columbia permit medically assisted euthanasia or suicide. Legislation often mirrors that of Oregon, where physician-assisted suicide is restricted to terminally ill adults under strict conditions.

Oregon reports indicate that a significant number of people chose to end their lives through this method in 2024. However, some critics, like Meaney, argue it reflects discrimination, as different standards apply to varying demographic groups.

Kate Scanlon reported this story from Washington for OSV News, with additional contributions from Joseph P. Owens of The Dialog. Follow Kate Scanlon on social media platform X at @kgscanlon.